Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that drains lymph from the body into the blood, protecting the body from harmful substances. Lymphatic organs include the thymus, bone marrow, as well as lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils, which you may know as 'adenoids.' Lymph nodes are typically oval-shaped, elastic structures, with a size usually up to 1 cm.
What can cause diseases in the lymphatic system?
- non-specific enlargement of lymph nodes (cause unknown)
- inflammation of lymph nodes
- cancer - lymphoma, leukemia, metastases from other tumors
According to the types of lymphatic cells in the tumor, we distinguish:
- Hodgkin's lymphoma - most commonly affects men aged 20–30, but can also occur in older patients over 60.
- Non-Hodgkin lymphomas - can occur at any age but are more common in men around 50.
Lymphomas, or tumors of the lymphatic tissue, account for 6% of all diagnosed malignant tumors. They usually form localized entities but can also spread throughout the body (so-called leukemizing).
How does lymphoma manifest itself?
- enlarged lymph node (most commonly in the neck, groin, armpit)
- unexplained fever - temperature above 38°C
- night sweats (sweating through two shirts overnight)
- weight loss
- fatigue
- Later, specific symptoms corresponding to the growing localized mass of cells appear (e.g., organ compression, cough, shortness of breath, itching of the skin...).
How can I prevent it?
Regular preventive check-ups with a general practitioner.
What to do when an enlarged lymph node appears?
Don't panic! Not every enlarged lymph node immediately indicates cancer. Visit your general practitioner.
Frequently asked questions
What are the lymphatic system's functions?
- It drains tissue fluid from tissues in the form of lymph.
- It drains fats in the form of droplets into the superior vena cava.
- It protects the body from infections.
- It removes harmful and unnecessary substances from the body.
- It delivers nutrients to the blood.
- It contributes to the stability of the internal environment.
What are the risk factors for the development of lymphatic system cancer?
- Reduced immunity
- Autoimmune diseases
- Infections with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HPV type 6
- Genetic predispositions
