Cervix cancer
Cervix can be described as a “plug” protecting the uterus from an infection, which can develop in a vagina. At the same time, it secures the baby at its place for the whole 9 months, creating a safe space for its development.
What can cause the cervix to become ill?
- as discharge and abdominal pain,
- precancerous changes may also appear,
- as well as cancer, with the HPV virus being a clear cause of cervical carcinoma development (more about it below).
How does it manifest itself?
- Most commonly with vaginal bleeding, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause,
- further with vaginal discomfort (itching or burning),
- foul-smelling or bloody discharge,
- or pain during urination, in the lower abdomen, or during intercourse
However, we don't want to scare you. Not every change in the menstrual cycle or abdominal pain necessarily indicates cancer. Still, it is advisable to consult a doctor about any changes.
How to prevent it?
An important part of cervical care is an annual preventive check-up with a gynecologist, where a cervical smear - cytology - is performed. This test detects changes in cervical cells caused by the HPV virus. Unfortunately, in the Czech Republic, only every other woman attends this examination.
If you notice any symptoms, don't hesitate to visit your gynecologist!
However, the initial stages of cervical cancer are asymptomatic, making regular preventive check-ups crucial.
The cytological smear is one of the three official screening programs for adults, contributing to a 25% decrease in the incidence of the disease over the last ten years.
Frequently asked questions
What is HPV?
HPV, or human papillomavirus, is transmitted through sexual intercourse, both vaginal and oral, as well as anal intercourse. It not only affects the cells of the cervical mucosa but also those in the oral and anal cavities.
Caution!
HPV virus transmission can occur with any skin-to-skin contact in the genital area, including oral sex or intimate touching.
Young girls are most susceptible to infection. Up to 80% of women under 30 who have had 2 or more sexual partners may encounter an infection. The immune system of most women eliminates these infections. However, a small portion of the population may develop precancerous changes or cancer.
What to consider when getting vaccinated for HPV?
Vaccination is most suitable to start before the onset of sexual activity when our bodies have not yet come into contact with HPV. However, it still makes sense even after its initiation.
Vaccines differ in the number of virus types they target, so it's always good to consult with a gynecologist or pediatrician to determine which vaccine is most suitable for you or your children. Cervarix protects against two types of HPV virus: 16 and 18, Gardasil additionally protects against two more: 6, 11, 16, 18. The newest vaccine is Gardasil 9, which protects against nine types of HPV virus: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58.
It is recommended to vaccinate both girls and boys. In the Czech Republic, public health insurance contributes to HPV vaccination for those aged 13-14 (it needs to start at the age of 13; otherwise, insurance won't cover it) for both girls and boys. Yes, boys need to be vaccinated too! Remember that HPV not only causes cervical cancer but also affects other areas. Boys are also frequent carriers of the virus, and genital warts can occur in both genders. Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9 vaccines are fully covered by insurance up to the age of 14. In this age group, two doses are administered. In older age, the patient covers the entire cost of the vaccine, ranging from 1800 CZK/dose (Cervarix), approximately 3000 CZK/dose for Gardasil, up to 4000 CZK/dose for Gardasil 9. In later age, three doses of the vaccine are required. Check with your health insurance about the possibility of financial assistance
What is the difference between the vaccines Cervarix, Gardasil and Gardasil 9?
Cervarix protects against types 16/18, which can cause cervical cancer. It is covered by health insurance for girls and boys aged between 13 and 14.
Gardasil protects against types 16 and 18, which can cause cervical cancer, and also against types 6 and 11, which can cause genital warts (condylomata), not precancerous changes but still quite unpleasant. It is covered by health insurance for girls and boys aged between 13 and 14.
Gardasil 9 protects against the same 4 types of HPV as Gardasil and additionally against another 5 types. It is covered by health insurance for girls and boys aged between 13 and 14.
